Pressure due to a column of liquid
Pressure in a liquid will increase with depth of the liquid. This is shown by the diagram below.
The deeper the hole is from the surface of the water, the further the water jet will travel. As the water jet travels further it must have a greater force, due to the water pressure being greater at increased depth below the surface.
If the holes in the water tank are all at the same depth from the surface of the water. Then each of the water jets travels the same distance because they all have equal force.
At the same depth, the same water pressure is present
Calculating the pressure of a liquid column.
Practice Questions
1. A glass marble is dropped into oil as shown below:
Describe how the pressure changes on the marble as it sinks lower in the oil.
2.A brick is at the bottom of a swimming pool 5m from the surface of the water. Density of water is approx 1000kg/m3.Calculate the pressure experienced by the brick.
(ignore any pressure effects due to atmosphere)
3. A submarine has been build to withstand a maximum water pressure of 6MPa. Assuming that sea water has a density of 1030Kg/m3. Calculate the maximum operating depth of the submarine in the water.
(ignore any presssure effects due to atmosphere).
Ignoring the effects of atmospheric pressure.
In the real world air is a fluid too, so ideally we should also take account of the atmospheric pressure and add that on as well. However, as a simplification in the questions above that has been ignored to simplify the question. Harder questions that target grades 8/9 may require you to add on the atmospheric pressure.
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