AQA GCSE DNA structure and the genome(Biology)
DNA structure and the genome
DNA is a polymer, it is made up of two polynucleotide strands that form a double helix.
DNA is found within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell arranged in chromosomes.
1 DNA molecule = 1 chromosome
Chromosomes, Genes, and Proteins
DNA is arranged into chromosomes.
The chromosome will carry the genes.
Each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein.
Proteins determine characteristics (traits)
A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein, which determines a characteristic
Genome
The genome is the entire genetic material of an organism
The Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project was a scientific effort to identify and map all the genes in human DNA (the entire genome).
The human genome poject is important because:
1. Find genes linked to disease
Helps identify genes that cause illnesses
2. Improve understanding and treatment of inherited disorders
Can lead to better diagnosis and targeted treatments
3. Trace human migration
Shows how humans moved around the Earth in the past
Practice Questions
1.What structure is DNA organised into?
2.Define the term genome.
3. Explain how a gene leads to a characteristic.
Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis
Measuring & calculating rates of photosynthesis
Inverse square law and photosynthesis
Economics of enhancing the conditions in greenhouses
Investigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
Data analysis and nervous system
The effect of a factor on human reaction time
Controlling blood glucose concentration
Regulating water and nitrogen levels in the body.
Hormones and human reproduction
Using hormones to treat infertility
Control and coordination in plants using hormones
Investigating the effect of light or gravity on the growth of newly germinated seedlings